Basic Concepts and Classification of Nanoscale Soft Magnetic Powders

2022-09-01 15:20

Nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder materials are substances composed of transition elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and their alloys, which exhibit magnetic properties either directly or indirectly. Based on a material’s response to an external magnetic field, materials can be classified into paramagnetic substances, diamagnetic substances, ferromagnetic materials, ferrimagnetic materials, and antiferromagnetic materials. Next, let us examine the basic concepts and classifications of nanocrystalline soft magnetic powders.

　　Nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder materials are substances composed of transition elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and their alloys, which exhibit magnetic properties either directly or indirectly. Based on the response of a material to an external magnetic field, materials can be classified into paramagnetic substances, diamagnetic substances, ferromagnetic materials, ferrimagnetic materials, and antiferromagnetic materials. Next, let us examine… Nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder Basic concepts and classifications!

　　Paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials can be classified as weakly magnetic materials, while ferromagnetic materials—also referred to as “target materials”—are considered strongly magnetic. In common usage, the term “magnetic materials” typically refers to strongly magnetic substances. Magnetic nanomaterials, based on their development, can be categorized as follows:

　　Permanent magnetic materials, also known as hard magnetic materials, are characterized by their difficulty to magnetize and their resistance to demagnetization once magnetized; their primary feature is high coercivity. They include rare-earth permanent magnets, metallic permanent magnets, and ferrite permanent magnets.

　　Soft magnetic materials: These are magnetic nanocomposites characterized by low coercivity and high permeability, enabling strong magnetization under a relatively weak external magnetic field. They are easy to magnetize and demagnetize. Examples include soft ferrites and amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys.

　　Functional magnetic materials: These primarily include magnetostrictive materials, magnetic recording materials, magnetoresistive materials, magnetic bubble materials, magneto-optical materials, and magnetic thin-film materials, among others.

　　Remanent magnetic flux density (Br): For the primary materials used by permanent‑magnet manufacturers, after magnetization to saturation in an externally applied magnetic field, Br represents the residual magnetic flux density that remains when the external field is reduced to zero. This parameter directly influences the magnitude of the air‑gap flux density. A higher remanent flux density enables a higher air‑gap flux density, which in turn improves key motor performance metrics such as the torque time constant and the back‑EMF coefficient, thereby ensuring a more optimal balance between electrical and magnetic loading.

　　 Nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder The primary magnetic property studies of the material include initial relative permeability, coercivity, hysteresis loop, resistivity, magnetic induction, core loss, and stability, among others.

　　High initial permeability Nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder This is a fundamental requirement for the development of soft magnetic materials. Both theory and practice demonstrate that it can reduce impurity levels and increase material density. To ensure optimal utilization of the initial permeability, one can increase grain size and refine the microstructure, lower the hysteresis expansion coefficient, and eliminate the effects of internal stresses and porosity—issues that are closely linked to the selection of conventional compositions and processing conditions.

　　The above provides an overview of the basic concepts and classifications of nanoscale soft magnetic iron powders. For more information, please feel free to contact us!

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